https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:16996 71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC₇₀BM). We have investigated the lateral morphology using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM), the vertical morphology using dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (d-SIMS) and variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE), and the surface composition using near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS). The lateral phase-separated domains observed in films spincoated from single solvents, increase in size with increasing solvent vapour pressure and decreasing PC₇₀BM solubility, but are not observed when 1-chloronaphthalene (CN) is added. A strongly TQ1-enriched surface layer is formed in all TQ1:PC₇₀BM blend films and rationalized by surface energy differences. The photocurrent and power conversion efficiency strongly increased upon the addition of CN, while the leakage current decreased by one to two orders of magnitude. The higher photocurrent correlates with the finer lateral structure and stronger TQ1-enrichment at the interface with the electron-collecting electrode. This indicates that the charge transport and collection are not hindered by this polymer-enriched surface layer. Neither the open-circuit voltage nor the series resistance of the devices are sensitive to the differences in morphology.]]> Wed 11 Apr 2018 15:49:57 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:15214 Wed 11 Apr 2018 10:05:55 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:44083 Arabidopsis thaliana) and fauna (Heterodontus portusjacksoni). In concert with the delicate nature of neutral helium atom beam microscopy, the stereophotogrammetry technique provides the means to derive comprehensive taxonomical data without the risk of sample degradation due to the imaging process.]]> Thu 06 Oct 2022 15:13:27 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46829 Thu 01 Dec 2022 10:07:44 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:28349 g) and amorphous nature, compared to the commonly applied semicrystalline polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). This study reports the optimisation of TQ1:PC₇₁BM (phenyl C₇₁ butyric acid methyl ester) NP-OPV device performance by the application of mild thermal annealing treatments in the range of the T_g (sub-T_g and post-T_g), both in the active layer drying stage and post-cathode deposition annealing stage of device fabrication, and an in-depth study of the effect of these treatments on nanoparticle film morphology. In addition, we report a type of morphological evolution in nanoparticle films for OPV active layers that has not previously been observed, that of PC₇₁BM nano-pathway formation between dispersed PC₇₁BM-rich nanoparticle cores, which have the benefit of making the bulk film more conducive to charge percolation and extraction.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:25:10 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:50778 Sat 05 Aug 2023 10:20:13 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:39326 −2) and eh-IDTBR (18.3 mJ m⁻²). This article is the first report of a flipped nanoparticle core–shell morphology comprising an NFA-rich shell for the miniemulsion synthesis route. The composition of the shells and cores was able to be controlled by the differential mismatch in the surface energy of the donor and acceptor materials, with ΔG_surface > 0, ΔG_surface = 0, and ΔG_surface < 0 for acceptor core–donor shell, molecularly intermixed, and acceptor shell–donor core, respectively. Accordingly, we introduce an entirely overlooked new figure of merit (FoM) for customizing nanoparticulate colloidal inks: tunable surface energy of non-fullerene-based semiconductors. The establishment of this FoM opens up electroactive material design to a wide range of functional printing applications with varying device and ink structure requirements, thereby reshaping the nanoengineering toolkit for waterborne colloidal dispersions and hence printed electronics.]]> Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:52:33 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:52029 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:35:17 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46422 rational choice of solvent approach as opposed to the usual trial-and-error methods. We demonstrate here that we can achieve a bicontinuous interpenetrating network with nanoscale phase separation for the chosen donor–acceptor material system poly[2,3-bis-(3-octyloxyphenyl)quinoxaline-5,8-diyl-alt-thiophene-2,5-diyl]:phenyl-C₆₁ butyric acid methyl ester (TQ1:PC₆₁BM) when processing from green solvent ink formulations. This structure is achieved by first calculating the Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) of the donor and acceptor materials, followed by careful choice of solvents with selective relative solubilities for the two materials based on the desired order of precipitation necessary for forming a nanostructured interdigitated network morphology. We found that the relative distances in Hansen space (R_a) between TQ1 and the primary solvent, on the one hand, and PC₆₁BM and the primary solvent, on the other hand, could be correlated to the donor–acceptor morphology for the formulations based on the solvents d-limonene, anisole, and 2-methyl anisole, as well as the halogenated reference solvent o-dichlorobenzene. This nanostructured blend film morphology was characterised with scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the film surface composition was analysed by near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. Hansen solubility theory, based on solution thermodynamics, has been used and we propose an HSP-based method that is a general platform for the rational design of ink formulations for solution-based organic electronics, in particular facilitating the green solvent transition of organic photovoltaics. Our results show that the bulk heterojunction morphology for a donor–acceptor system processed from customised solvent mixtures can be predicted by the HSP-based method with good reliability.]]> Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:05:22 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48733 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:04:30 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:44553 Mon 29 Jan 2024 17:56:34 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37152 Mon 24 Aug 2020 11:10:54 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:35933 alt-5,10-bis((2-hexyldecyl)oxy)dithieno[3,2-c:3',2'-h][1,5]naphthyridine-2,7-diyl] (PTNT) and fullerene blend utilizing chloroform as well as a non-chlorinated and environmentally benign solvent, o-xylene, as the miniemulsion dispersed phase solvent. The nanoparticles (NPs) in the solid-state film were found to coalesce and offered a smooth surface topography upon thermal annealing. Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) with photoactive layer processed from the nanoparticle dispersions prepared using chloroform as the miniemulsion dispersed phase solvent were found to have a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.04%, which increased to 1.65% for devices utilizing NPs prepared from o-xylene. Physical, thermal and optical properties of NPs prepared using both chloroform and o-xylene were systematically studied using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and correlated to their photovoltaic properties. The PL results indicate different morphology of NPs in the solid state were achieved by varying miniemulsion dispersed phase solvent.]]> Fri 19 Jun 2020 12:14:42 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42295 Fri 19 Aug 2022 14:58:40 AEST ]]>